Archive for April, 2010

The concept of bank risk management refers to all the different types of risks faced by banks when they carry out their activities. Typically, this varies depending on the type of business to develop this institution. A bank is a special type of company, which captures money the public, these outside resources, together with the institution’s own resources are transferred in the form of loans to third parties, who pay interests by the use of money.

So, usually the resources that a bank generates revenues are in part themselves (heritage or capital), and mostly foreign (deposits the public). Therefore, since most of the money that a given bank does not belong, bank management requires a constant process of evaluation and measurement of risks to set out the resources of depositors in the operations of the entity.

Such risks, together, are called bank risk and its management is often governed by bodies supervisors banking (Superintendents) in each individual country. A basic concern of these agencies is to ensure that each bank to repay public deposits, which requires an adequate level of capital so that in case of loss, it is covered by own resources and not with public money. Therefore, each entity must have a proportional capital resources risk and level of risk that exposes. This relationship between self and what is known as risky level solvency and calculate the ideal ratio is the subject of international efforts.

Types of risk

* Credit risk: This concerns the possibility of having large losses for the reason that a customer does not meet the credit obligations to which they committed.
* Liquidity risk: This refers to the possibility that excessive losses occur because of decisions made in favor of having resources quickly in order to meet present and future commitments.
* Foreign exchange risk: This refers to the possibility of losses from changes in exchange rates of different currencies at which a financial institution operates or has invested resources.
* Interest rate risk: This refers to the declining value of the assets or the assets of an entity due to changes in interest rates, which can lead to the institution having heavy losses.

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During the last decade, the global economy has experienced strong growth and remarkable increase of financial flows. The international sector has been characterized by the increased complexity of products traded and the market development that transfer risks between entities in order to bring more and more, the products to the specific needs financing or investment agents.

The steady improvement in financial knowledge and technological advances enabled the creation of more complex products in search of higher returns, it probably will produce a parallel advance in the techniques of management and risk assessment undertaken. For its part, the regulatory and supervisory authorities failed to detect weaknesses early enough that they were creating. Among them, the excessive leverage of banks’ balance sheets, which for years growing at rates that were incompatible with a proper risk management, and insufficient capital from banks to cover the risks they were taking.

The turmoil in financial markets that emerged in July 2007 triggered a severe crisis in the international financial system and highlighted the weaknesses in it. Among them, the problems properly assess certain financial products-especially the most complex, “the deficiencies in credit ratings issued by rating agencies, poor management of risks, including liquidity by some entities, the lack of market transparency and harmony in these markets regulated and unregulated entities.

We are therefore experiencing an unprecedented crisis, which began as financial and economic has become. Both are being fed back, which is hampering its separation. International financial crisis has generated a sharp fall in asset prices, which has directly affected the balance sheets of banks. In this way, have generated very significant accounting losses, in some cases, have not been covered with the available capital by institutions. Therefore, credit institutions have been confronted with the need to increase their capital to survive in fresh capital to capture moments where it is very difficult.

One of the many negative consequences that are having this crisis is that, because of the excesses committed, obscures the viewer’s eyes to the advantages and positive aspects involved. On the other hand, financial innovation is genuine contribution to the efficient functioning of markets and, second, globalization. The measures taken should, therefore, achieve a difficult balance. Also, be careful that the solutions to the problems arising from the crisis do not lead to national protectionist policies in the financial field, but coordinated international solutions prevail.

Clearly, international financial regulation is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable economic growth. Therefore, the authorities around the world, including central banks, are using all measures within its power to overcome critical situations on the bench and try to restore confidence in the financial system. In addition, various international committees are considering fundamental changes in the future international regulation. Read the rest of this entry

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Have you always wanted to study an MBA, but does not know which items are considered to choose the best? It is time to know the details.

There is no doubt that for postgraduate educational institutions around the world seeking basic requirements. But faced with the high demand for this type of study, you need much more than “basic” to be admitted.

Manage to be accepted in either a Masters or other graduate will be a key achievement in professional life. Especially if it is considered as a way to get more value for money the minute of exercise.

Although the demands imposed by the university are varied, there are requirements to be imposed themselves in order to become the candidate that captures the greatest interest:

To know well the vision of the university In addition to knowing whether their beliefs and objectives coincide with those of the school, to know well the academic orientation is necessary for other reasons.

Regarding this, many prefer those candidates who fit the academic vision of them, which assures greater success in the training process.

• Past academic
It is very possible that in the interview are the topics discussed on the academic past.

The university where he studied, extra-curricular activities are some of the factors that determine the image of the student who is aspiring to graduate.

• Ratings
To enter a postgraduate qualification is essential.

Among the applicants who have a high average and others who have a less clearly are more likely to be those which have been stationed in his career.

There is no doubt that a student with a grade point average will graduate students give up and have a greater capacity to cope.

• Security
It is essential to project security in the interview, otherwise, will deliver the message “I’m not ready for graduate.”

You should be aware that the most successful managers and business people have gone through this type of study, so can not enter if it behaves like anyone else.

In that sense, the attitude is basic. People should be able to face new challenges.

• Leadership and initiative
View this type of personal characteristics of the candidate image promotes and enforces it as one of the best candidates.

Leadership skills and initiative are valued at the university level, as it is expected that a person with these virtues, whatever it may in the future influence and motivate others.

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Thousands of executives struggle every year to get the necessary funding to study a postgraduate course. After all, it is not a minor decision, Pursue a master’s or MBA in Mexico can cost about U.S. $ 46,000, for a two-year cycle “, as in the case of Spain, although most courses are only a year ago, one of the favorite destinations for studying specialization.

The good news is that it is not impossible. Regularly, the options are three: savings, credit or grant. If today is the third option, this guide will help you. Remember that the benefits of a scholarship covering everything from tuition, to pay the full fee, plus shipping and handling in passages.

Generally, those interested in winning a scholarship must demonstrate good grades, have years of experience minimum (in some cases) and have the acceptance of the university where I want to study.

What scholarships to choose? While calls for grants and scholarships in 2010 are already closed, well worth preparing now to apply for next year calls for study in 2011.

Here is a list of 10 scholarships that you should not miss in 2010 to apply for the postgraduate course desired.

1. Carolina Foundation
Carolina Foundation is an institution of Spanish origin that is intended to promote cultural relations and cooperation in education and science between Spain and the countries of the Latin American Community of Nations.

Through the joint participation of public and private actors, the foundation appears to be a catalyst for resources between companies and academic institutions.

Meanwhile, Carolina foundation scholarships had given annually to Latin American students who are interested in studying in Spain. Through its training program facilitates and promotes expertise in university graduates interested in studying a postgraduate career. Read the rest of this entry

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